Source record
References
The numbered standards, books, regulations, papers, and technical sources cited throughout the compendium.
The entries identify the editions used in the text. A publication year is not a technical review date. For online regulations, consult the issuing authority and the relevant revision.
[1]
Accident Investigation Board Norway, “Report on the railway accident at nykirke station on the vestfold line, 15 february 2012,” Accident Investigation Board Norway, 2013/02, 2013.
[2]
Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias, “Network statement 2020,” ADIF, 2020. Available: https://www.adif.es/documents/20124/7076924/book_ADIF_NS_V0_2020_24092020.pdf/78e4597f-4890-b06e-cf9c-233ddaeaeb27
[3]
Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias, “NAP 1-2-1.0: Metodología para el diseño del trazado ferroviario,” ADIF, 2024. Available: https://www.adif.es/documents/20124/35603770/NAP1210_ED2_FC1.pdf/31ffa7d5-31cd-10f3-3815-99b9cf88ba48
[4]
C. Andersson and A. Johansson, “Prediction of rail corrugation generated by three-dimensional wheel–rail interaction,” Wear, vol. 257, no. 3–4, pp. 423–434, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2004.01.006.
[5]
E. Andersson, M. Berg, and S. Stichel, Rail vehicle dynamics. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2014.
[6]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Maintenance work in continuously welded track.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Vedlikehold/Vedlikeholdsarbeider_i_helsveist_spor.
[7]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: substructure.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning.
[8]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Substructure, drainage.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning/Prosjektering_og_bygging/Drenering.
[9]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Substructure, frost protection.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning/Prosjektering_og_bygging/Frost.
[10]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: superstructure.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning.
[11]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, construction of continuously welded track.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Bygging/Helsveist_spor.
[12]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, design of continuously welded track.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Prosjektering/Helsveist_spor.
[13]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, maintenance of rails.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Vedlikehold/Skinner.
[14]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: tunnels.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Tunneler.
[15]
Bane NOR, “El 18 på Flåmsbana.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/rullende-materiell/el-18-pa-flamsbana/.
[16]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: Aksialkrefter i helsveist spor.” Bane NOR Oppslagsverk.
[17]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: Condition monitoring and track quality.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/overbygning/vedlikehold/tilstandskontroll/.
[18]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: Sporets sidemotstand.” Bane NOR Oppslagsverk.
[19]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: sporgeometri.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/overbygning/sporets-trase/sporgeometri/.
[20]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: sporstoppere.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/overbygning/sporets-komponenter/sporstoppere/.
[21]
Bane NOR, “Nytt dobbeltspor: Sandbukta–moss–såstad.” https://www.banenor.no/prosjekter/alle-prosjekter/nytt-dobbeltspor-sandbukta-moss-sastad/.
[22]
Bane NOR, “Vedlegg 4: ytelsesordning.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/network-statement/ast/vedlegg-4-ytelsesordning/.
[23]
Bane NOR, “Førers regelbok Bane NOR, STY-603526.” https://www.banenor.no/siteassets/bane-nor-sf/leverandor/krav-og-sikkerhet/regler-og-arbeidsprosesser/sty-603526.pdf, 2024.
[24]
Bane NOR, “Instruks for betjening av fjernstyringsanleggene ved Øst og sør-vest trafikkstyringssentraler (vicos).” https://orv.banenor.no/signalanlegg/fjernstyringsinstrukser-operatorveiledninger/fjernstyringsinstrukser/betjening-av-fjernstyringsanlegg-ost-sor-vest/, 2024.
[25]
Bane NOR, “Instruks for betjening av fjernstyringsanleggene ved TSS nord (railmanager).” https://orv.banenor.no/signalanlegg/fjernstyringsinstrukser-operatorveiledninger/fjernstyringsinstrukser/betjening-av-fjernstyringsanlegg-nord/, 2024.
[26]
Bane NOR, “Norske dynamiske mål, NO1 og NO2.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/globalassets/felles-for-oppslagsverk-og-regelverk/nedlasting/no1_no2_dokument_no_0424.pdf, 2024.
[27]
Bane NOR, “Capacity allocation, network statement 2026.” Bane NOR Network Statement, 2025.
[28]
Bane NOR, “Kort om ERTMS.” Bane NOR project overview and rollout context. Accessed 16 September 2026.
[29]
Bane NOR, “InfraStatus 2024.” https://www.banenor.no/contentassets/4a5e76e87edc4f1ea0514b6e274bc9c1/infrastatus-2024.pdf, 2025.
[30]
Bane NOR, “Network statement 2026.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/en/network-statement/network-statement-2026/, 2025.
[31]
Bane NOR, “Network statement 2027.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/en/network-statement/2027/, 2025.
[32]
Bane NOR, “Operativt regelverk, SJN 2.18.1: Overbygningsklasse, aksellast og maks hastighet.” https://orv.banenor.no/strekningsbeskrivelse-for-jernbanenettet/tillegg/artikler/overbygningsklasse-aksellast-metervekt-og-lasteprofil/, 2025.
[33]
Bane NOR, “Planlegging, gjennomføring og rapportering av drift og vedlikehold infrastruktur.” Bane NOR document register, search for STY-605097, 2025. The register provides the current revision.
[34]
Bane NOR, “Planoverganger.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/overbygning/planoverganger/, 2025.
[35]
Bane NOR, “Utforming av tunnelprofiler.” Bane NOR Oppslagsverk, 2025.
[36]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR årsrapport 2025.” Bane NOR annual report PDF, 2026.
[37]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR network statement: Annex 2, traffic data to bane NOR.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/en/network-statement/avtale-om-sportilgang-og-bruk-av-tjenester-ast/traffic-data-to-bane-nor/, 2026.
[38]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Catalogue of rail defects and rail breaks.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Vedlikehold/Skinner/Vedlegg/Katalog_over_feil_og_brudd_i_skinner, 2026.
[39]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Contact line and contact-line maintenance requirements.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Kontaktledning, 2026.
[40]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Contact line foundations, masts and portals.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Kontaktledning/Prosjektering_og_Bygging/Fundamenter%2C_master_og_%C3%A5k, 2026.
[41]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Contact line, mechanical design.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Kontaktledning/Prosjektering_og_Bygging/Mekanisk_utforming, 2026.
[42]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Profiler og lasttilfeller i Bane NOR.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning/Prosjektering_og_bygging/Profiler_og_minste_tverrsnitt/Vedlegg/Profiler, 2026.
[43]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: signalling.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Signal, 2026.
[44]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: skiltoversikt.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Skilt/Plassering_av_skilt_langs_sporet/Skiltoversikt, 2026.
[45]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Substructure, noise barriers.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning/Prosjektering_og_bygging/St%C3%B8yskjermer, 2026.
[46]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure maintenance, general technical requirements.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Vedlikehold/Generelle_tekniske_krav, 2026.
[47]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, sleepers appendix.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Prosjektering/Sporkonstruksjoner/Vedlegg/Sviller, 2026.
[48]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, switches and crossings.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Prosjektering/Sporveksler, 2026.
[49]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Superstructure, track constructions.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Prosjektering/Sporkonstruksjoner, 2026.
[50]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Track geometry, position and quality.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Overbygning/Vedlikehold/Sporets_geometri%2C_beliggenhet_og_kvalitet, 2026.
[51]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical regulations: Underbygning, profiler og minste tverrsnitt.” https://trv.banenor.no/wiki/Underbygning/Prosjektering_og_bygging/Profiler_og_minste_tverrsnitt, 2026.
[52]
Bane NOR, “Bane NOR technical specification: Switches and crossings.” https://tekniskregelverk.banenor.no/tekniske-spesifikasjoner/overbygning/switches-and-crossings/, 2026.
[53]
Bane NOR, “Dobbeltspor drammen–kobbervikdalen kåret til årets anlegg 2025.” Bane NOR project page, 2026.
[54]
Bane NOR, “ELS710 drivmaskin (ERTMS) (SA-ITD).” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/vedlikeholdsprogram/signal/els710-drivmaskin-ertms-sa-itd/, 2026.
[55]
Bane NOR, “Jernbanekompetanse: Minste tverrsnitt og profiler.” https://oppslagsverk.banenor.no/jernbanekompetanse/overbygning/sporets-trase/minste-tverrsnitt-og-profiler/, 2026.
[56]
Bane NOR, “Stoppskilt på strekning med ERTMS.” https://orv.banenor.no/trafikkregler-for-jernbanenettet/kapittel-8/sarlige-skilt-pa-strekning-med-ertms/stoppskilt-pa-strekning-med-ertms/, 2026.
[57]
Bane NOR, “Trafikkregler for jernbanenettet: Kapittel 8, signaler.” https://orv.banenor.no/trafikkregler-for-jernbanenettet/kapittel-8/, 2026.
[58]
Verification pending. Original citation details: P. Burrage, M. Murray, and N. Lake, “The role of track geometry quality indices in railway track maintenance,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, vol. 232, no. 3, pp. 735–747, 2018. The source identity has not been established; do not rely on this record until it is verified.
[59]
Y. Chatkeo, “Die stabilität des eisenbahngleises im bogen mit engen halbmessern bei hohen axialdruckkräften,” PhD thesis, Technische Universität München, München, 1985.
[60]
Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes Ferroviarios, “Informe final sobre el accidente grave ferroviario n.º 0054/2013 ocurrido el día 24.07.2013 en las proximidades de la estación de santiago de compostela,” Ministerio de Fomento, Gobierno de España, IF-240713-200514-CIAF, 2014. Available: https://www.transportes.gob.es/recursos_mfom/pdf/0ADE7F17-84BB-4CBD-9451-C750EDE06170/125127/IF240713200514CIAF.pdf
[61]
Contando Estrelas, “Tragedia en santiago de compostela (b).jpg.” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tragedia_en_Santiago_de_Compostela_(b).jpg, 2013.
.jpg){kind=link}
[62]
T. Dahlberg, “Railway track stiffness variations – consequences and countermeasures,” International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2010.
[63]
N. Dunn and A. Williamson, “Driving monotonous routes in a train simulator: The effect of task demand on driving performance and subjective experience,” Ergonomics, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 997–1008, 2012, doi: 10.1080/00140139.2012.691994.
[64]
J. Eisenmann, “Schienenkopfbeanspruchung: Vergleich zwischen theorie und praxis,” Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 355–361, 1967.
[65]
J. Eisenmann, “Die schiene als tragbalken (the rail as a carrying beam),” Eisenbahningenieur, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 185–190, 1972.
[66]
Verification pending. Original citation details: A. Ekberg and E. Bertheaux, “Rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels and rails – a review,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 385–402, 2001. The source identity has not been established; do not rely on this record until it is verified.
[67]
Elmagasinet, “Europas mest moderne trafikkstyringssentral.” https://elmagasinet.no/europas-mest-moderne-trafikkstyringssentral/, 2022.
[68]
C. Esveld, Modern railway track, 2nd ed. Zaltbommel, The Netherlands: MRT-Productions, 2001.
[69]
European Commission, “ETCS levels and modes.” https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-modes/rail/ertms/what-ertms-and-how-does-it-work/etcs-levels-and-modes_en.
[70]
European Commission, “Commission decision 2002/735/EC concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to the rolling stock subsystem of the trans-european high-speed rail system.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2002/735/oj/eng, 2002. EUR-Lex official text. Historical instrument. Article 6 of Decision 2008/232/EC repealed it, with transitional provisions for specified existing projects.
[71]
European Commission, “Commission regulation (EU) no 1299/2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to the infrastructure subsystem of the rail system in the european union.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1299/oj/eng, 2014. EUR-Lex official text. See the consolidated EU text dated 28 September 2023. Norwegian application depends on the relevant national implementation and project provisions.
[72]
European Commission, “Commission regulation (EU) no 1303/2014 concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to safety in railway tunnels.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1303/oj/eng, 2014. EUR-Lex official text. See the consolidated EU text dated 29 January 2024. Norwegian application depends on the relevant national implementation and project provisions.
[73]
European Commission, “Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2021/1226 of 21 December 2020 amending Annex II to Directive 2002/49/EC as regards common noise assessment methods,” Official Journal of the European Union, L 269, pp. 65–142, 2021. EUR-Lex official text.
[74]
European Commission, “Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2023/1695 on the technical specification for interoperability relating to the control-command and signalling subsystems of the rail system in the european union.” https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32023R1695, 2023. EUR-Lex official text. See the consolidated EU text dated 5 May 2026. Norwegian application depends on the relevant national implementation and project provisions.
[75]
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), “EN 50163: Railway applications – supply voltages of traction systems.” European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), 2004. Official catalogue for the cited edition. EN base edition 2004. The catalogue records amendments A1:2007, A2:2020 and A3:2022.
[76]
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), “EN 50122-1: Railway applications – fixed installations – electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit – part 1: Protective provisions against electric shock.” European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), 2011. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 50122-1:2022.
[77]
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), “EN 50119: Railway applications – fixed installations – electric traction overhead contact lines.” European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), 2020. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[78]
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), “EN 50367: Railway applications – fixed installations and rolling stock – criteria to achieve technical compatibility between pantographs and overhead contact line.” European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), 2020. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Base edition; amendments A1:2022 and A2:2025 are listed in the catalogue.
[79]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13450: Aggregates for railway ballast.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2002. Official catalogue for the cited edition. The EN base edition is 2002, with corrigendum AC:2004; the catalogue uses the 2007 Estonian adoption date.
[80]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13232-1: Railway applications – track – switches and crossings – part 1: definitions.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2003. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical definitions standard. Superseded by EN 13232-1:2023.
[81]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 14730-2: Railway applications – track – aluminothermic welding of rails – part 2: Qualification of aluminothermic welders, approval of contractors and acceptance of welds.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2006. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 14730-2:2021.
[82]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 14811: Railway applications – track – special purpose rail – grooved and associated construction.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2006. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical base edition. The catalogue includes amendment A1:2009 and records replacement by EN 14811:2019.
[83]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13848-2: Railway applications – track – track geometry quality – part 2: Measuring systems – track recording vehicles.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2006. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 13848-2:2020.
[84]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 14587-2: Railway applications – track – flash butt welding of rails – part 2: New R220, R260, R260Mn and R350HT grade rails by mobile welding machines at sites other than a fixed plant.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2009. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 14587-2:2024.
[85]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13674-1: Railway applications – track – rail – part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2011. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Base edition; see EN 13674-1:2011+A1:2017 for the amended text.
[86]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13848-4: Railway applications – track – track geometry quality – part 4: Measuring systems – Manual and lightweight devices.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2011. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 13848-4:2025.
[87]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13231-1: Railway applications – track – acceptance of works – part 1: Works on ballasted track – plain line, switches and crossings.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2013. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Historical edition. Superseded by EN 13231-1:2023.
[88]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13481-1: Railway applications – track – performance requirements for fastening systems – part 1: definitions.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2012. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[89]
Verification pending. Original citation details: European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13848-2+A1: Railway applications – track – track geometry quality – part 2: Measuring systems – track recording vehicles, amendment 1.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2012. The source identity has not been established; do not rely on this record until it is verified.
[90]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 14363: Railway applications – testing and simulation for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles – running behaviour and stationary tests.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2016. Official catalogue for the cited edition. Base edition. Later amendments include A1:2018 and A2:2022.
[91]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13848-5: Railway applications – track – track geometry quality – part 5: Geometric quality levels – plain line, switches and crossings.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2017. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[92]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13848-1:2019: Railway applications – track – track geometry quality – part 1: Characterisation of track geometry.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2019. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[93]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 13715:2020: Railway applications – wheelsets and bogies – wheels – tread profile.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 2020. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[94]
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), “EN 15273:2025 series: Railway applications – gauges, parts 1–4, with CEN/TR 15273-5:2025.” European Committee for Standardization (CEN); Parts 1–4 cover common rules, rolling stock, infrastructure, and the catalogue of defined gauges; Part 5 provides background and worked examples, 2025. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
[95]
European Parliament and Council, “Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise.” Official Journal of the European Communities, 2002.
[96]
European Union Agency for Railways (ERA), “System requirements specification – ETCS.” ERA ERTMS page, 2023.
[97]
Eurostat, “Length of electrified railway lines by type of current (rail_if_electri).” https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rail_if_electri/default/table?lang=en, 2026.
[98]
Federal Railroad Administration, “Santiago de compostela derailment, july 2013.” FRA human-factors case study, 2019.
[99]
Federal Railroad Administration, “Aerodynamic assessment and mitigation: Design considerations for high-speed rail,” Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, DOT/FRA/ORD-22/28, 2022. Available: https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2022-07/Arup%20Aero-A.pdf
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Federal Railroad Administration, “Measurement and characterization of track geometry data: Literature review and recommendations for processing of data from FRA ATIP program,” Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2022. Available: https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/68613/dot_68613_DS1.pdf
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S. L. Grassie, “Rail corrugation: Characteristics, causes, and treatments,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, vol. 223, no. 6, pp. 581–596, 2009, doi: 10.1243/09544097JRRT264.
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INNOTRACK Consortium, “Recommendations and guidelines for track maintenance,” INNOTRACK Deliverable D4.5.2, 2010.
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International Organization for Standardization, “ISO 14837-1: Mechanical vibration – ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems – part 1: General guidance.” International Organization for Standardization, 2005. Official catalogue for the cited edition. ISO confirmed this edition in 2025.
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International Union of Railways (UIC), “Freight Noise Focus: K-blocks.” International Union of Railways (UIC), Oct. 2009.
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International Union of Railways (UIC), “IRS 60650: Railway application – rolling stock – standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets.” International Union of Railways (UIC), 2016. Official catalogue for the cited edition.
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International Union of Railways (UIC) and Office for Research and Experiments (ORE), “Standardisation of wheel profiles: Recommendations concerning a universal wheel profile adapted to wear (UIC/ORE profile) valid regardless of the wheel diameter and the type of vehicle,” International Union of Railways (UIC), S1002/RP 2/E, 1973.
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Jernbaneverket, “Overbygning: Generelle tekniske krav – skinneprofiler og overbygningsklasser,” Jernbaneverket (now Bane NOR), JD 531, Chapter 4, 2007. Available: https://trv.banenor.no/tidligere-utgaver/Gammel%20versjon%20JD5xx%200105%202007/Overbygning/531/T31-0406.pdf
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