2026

Railway Engineering
Compendium

Foreword

This compendium is prepared for students taking TBM4282 Road and Railway Engineering 1 and TBA4225 Railway Engineering 2 at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Its aim is to bring the course material together in one coherent book and give students a structured overview of railway infrastructure, from traffic loading and track components to geometry, capacity, signalling, maintenance, and railway-specific environmental effects.

The present edition builds on course material developed and delivered over several years. Marie Husum Malvik and Julie Hjortland made important contributions to the first versions of the compendium, and their work formed the foundation for its further development. Alf Helge Løhren, John Våge, Kjell Arne Skoglund, Thomas Vatn Bjørge, Trine Bye Sagen, Christian Knittler, Kristin Guldberg, Stefano Derosa, and Leiv Jørgen Tofte Husøy contributed lecture materials and other teaching resources, including practical examples, figures, photographs, and illustrations, that have substantially strengthened the compendium. The text is also informed by established railway engineering books, standards, technical references, and examples from practice.

Special thanks are due to KONNEKT and Bane NOR for their valuable and sustained support of the teaching and development work behind this compendium. Their support has helped refine the material, strengthen the connection between academic knowledge and railway practice, and make the learning resources more accessible to students.

ChatGPT and Claude have been used as supporting tools for language checking, editorial consistency, technical review, document refinement, visual layout review, and selected visual generation. NotebookLM has been used to produce brief explanatory videos and podcasts as optional supplements to the written material.

This compendium will continue to be refined as the courses develop, as standards change, and as new examples become available. Feedback from students, colleagues, and industry partners is therefore an important part of improving both the technical accuracy and the readability of the material.

Albert LauAssociate professor, Dr. Ing.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

The compendium

Chapters

Select a chapter to begin reading.
01

Railway Traffic Loading

How traffic loads enter the railway and spread through rail, sleepers, ballast, and formation.

02

Track Superstructure

Rails, fastening systems, sleepers, and slab track as one load-bearing assembly.

03

Ballast

Why ballast shape, grading, depth, drainage, and maintenance determine track quality.

04

Track Damage and Defects

Defect mechanisms, inspection evidence, risk, and intervention priorities.

05

Railway Machinery

Machines, work sequences, production constraints, and quality checks behind track work.

06

Track Substructure

Tunnels, cuttings, embankments, slopes, frost protection, and drainage below the track.

07

Geometric Design of Track Systems

Curves, cant, transitions, gradients, and vertical alignment.

08

Railway Operation and Capacity

Headways, capacity, timetable robustness, and delay propagation.

09

Train–Track Interaction

The coupled vehicle–track system, dynamic response, resonance, and load amplification.

10

Wheel–Rail Interaction

Contact geometry, forces, adhesion, wear, rolling contact fatigue, and stability.

11

Continuously Welded Track

Thermal forces, neutral temperature, buckling resistance, and safe CWR management.

12

Railway Noise and Vibration

Sources, propagation, measurement, assessment, and mitigation.

13

Signal and Interlocking System

Train detection, movement authority, interlocking, block systems, and ERTMS.

14

Structure Gauge

The spatial envelopes that keep vehicles, infrastructure, platforms, and loads compatible.

15

Railway Catenary System

Traction power, overhead-line geometry, current collection, and electrical interfaces.

16

Switches and Crossings

Turnout geometry, components, forces, layouts, inspection, and special trackwork.

17

Railway Track Maintenance

Inspection and intervention planning, including effective use of the railway machinery introduced in Chapter 5.

Daily railway podcasts

These daily railway podcasts are produced using an AI-assisted workflow, primarily for the author's own interest and learning.

The narration is generated using text-to-speech (TTS), so names and specialist terms may occasionally be mispronounced. Episodes may also contain technical inaccuracies or omissions. Please use them with care and verify important information against the written compendium, current standards, and authoritative sources.

Railway Daily English podcast cover
English

Railway Daily

A daily railway story in English for students, engineers, and curious listeners.

QR code for Railway Daily on Spotify
Jernbane daglig Norwegian podcast cover
Norsk bokmål

Jernbane daglig

En daglig jernbanehistorie for studenter, fagfolk og nysgjerrige lyttere.

QR code for Jernbane daglig on Spotify

Contact

Albert Lau

Associate professor, Dr. Ing. · Railway Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Emailalbert.lau@ntnu.no NTNU profileView university profile →